הצגת המקור של הדף "טבלאות רגישויות מבית החולים שערי צדק - תרביות דם - Shaare zedek medical center antibiotic sensitivity table - blood cultures"

{{Sub Chapter
|Book=
שימוש מושכל באנטיביוטיקה ונהלים למניעת זיהומים
|Chapter number=8
|Sub Chapter number=1
}}
{{פנקס|
|שם המחבר=פרופ' עמוס ינון, פרופ' יחיאל שלזינגר, דר' דוד רווה
|שם הפרק={{שם הדף}}
|עורך מדעי=
|מאת=
|אחראי הערך=
}}
{{-}}
==טבלה 1.  Number (%) of positive blood cultures/drawn cultures and rates of the most frequently isolated patient-specific isolated organisms/1000 admissions.==

{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
|Variable/Year
|colspan="2"|1990-2000{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה1|Data for 1990-2000 were manually computerized by volunteers from microbiology records; data for 2001-2008 were obtained with the cubes computer program.}}
|colspan="2"|2001-2008{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה1}}
|-
|
|Annual Mean ± SD	
|11year Total
|Annual Mean ± SD
|8Year Total
|-
|Drawn blood cultures (BC) (n){{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה3|BC, blood cultures}}
|15,779 ±  4787
|173,571
|15,070 ±  1047
|120,565
|-
|No. of true positive BC (n)
|1609 ± 524
|17,703	
|1413 ± 125
|11,308
|-
|Rate of true positive BC (%)
|10.2 ± 1.5
|10.2
|9.4 ± 1.1
|9.4
|-
|No. of false positive BC (n)
|NA{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה4|NA, not available}}
|NA	
|1273 ± 132 	
|10190
|-
|Rate of false positive BC (%)
|NA	
|NA	
|8.4±1.3	
|8.4
|-
|colspan="5"|Rate/1000 admissions{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה2|Trend statistical analysis demonstrated an absence of significant changes in annual incidence of any of these organisms for 1990-2000.}}  				
|-
|Enterobacteriaceae 
|12.7±2	
|3394
|13.2
|4309
|-
|E. coli
|5.5±1
|1494
|6.4
|2102
|-
|S. aureus	
|4.7±0.9
|1240
|3.3
|1238
|-
|K. pneumoniae
|3±0.8	
|779	
|3.3	
|1063
|-
|Enterococcus spp.
|2.3±0.7	
|631	
|2.9	
|939
|-
|P. aeruginosa
|1.9±0.5
|488
|1.5	
|505
|-
|S. pneumoniae
|1.7±0.4
|447
|2.1	
|681
|-
|Enterobacter spp.
|1.3±0.5
|338
|1.1	
|347
|-
|Acinetobacter spp.	
|1±0.3	
|298
|1.5	
|482
|-
|P. mirabilis	
|1±0.2
|260
|1.4	
|449
|}

==טבלה 2: Enterobacteriaceae, producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) (n,%) 2002-2008{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה5|* Routine testing for ESBL was initiated in 2002}}==

===טבלה 2א': Collected in the Emergency Department===
{{רווח קשיח}}
{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
|Year
|All Enterobacteriaceae N=2330 (%)
|E.coli N=1336 (%)	
K.pneumoniae N=341 (%)
|P.mirabilis N=228 (%)
|-
|2002
|42/286 (15)
|16/151 (11)
|13/54 (24)
|5/21 (24)
|-
|2003
|35/322 (11)
|15/191 (8)
|15/47 (32)
|4/28 (14)
|-
|2004
|41/307 (13)
|17/165 (10)
|8/40 (20)
|9/33 (27)
|-
|2005
|42/354 (11)
|20/218 (9)
|9/49 (18)	
|11/38 (29)
|-
|2006
|61/319 (19)
|28/198 (14)
|17/37 (46)
|7/32 (22)
|-
|2007
|84/348 (24)
|46/190 (24)
|10/44 (23)
|19/33 (58)
|-
|2008
|79/357 (22)
|40/208 (19)
|18/59 (30)
|10/37 (27)
|-
|Total
|393/2330 (16)
|185/1336 (14)
|92/341 (27)
|67/228 (29)
|}
{{רווח קשיח}}

===טבלה 2ב': Collected from hospitalized patients===
{{רווח קשיח}}
{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
|Year
|All Enterobacteriaceae N=1562 (%)
|E.coli N=347 (%)
|K.pneumoniae N=495 (%)
|P.mirabilis N=143 (%)
|-
|2002
|54/147 (37)
|7/35 (20)
|34/53 (64)
|2/6 (33)
|-
|2003
|62/213 (29)
|10/46 (22)
|22/55 (40)
|13/26 (50)
|-
|2004
|64/183 (35)
|11/48 (23)
|28/51 (55)
|10/18 (56)
|-
|2005
|93/234 (40)
|22/58 (38)
|35/68 (51)
|17/30 (57)
|-
|2006
|97/267 (36)
|13/54 (24)
|54/86 (63)
|15/29 (52)
|-
|2007
|58/244 (24)
|12/44 (27)
|35/99 (35)
|7/14 (50)
|-
|2008
|75/243 (31)
|13/57 (23)
|29/77 (37)
|4/16 (25)
|-
|Total
|512/1562 (33)
|88/347 (25)	
|239/495 (48)
|70/143 (49)
|}

==טבלה 3: Enterobacteriaceae – antimicrobial susceptibilities (%) 2001-2008. Breakdown by source of patient==

;מקרא
*Amp - [[Ampicillin]]
* Amk - [[Amikacin]]
* Aug - [[Augmentin|Amoxycillin-clavulanate]]
* Carbap - [[Carbapenem|Carbapenems]]
* Caz - [[Ceftazidime]]
*Cef - [[Cefazolin]]
* Chl - [[Chloramphenicol]]
* Cip - [[Ciprofloxacin]]
* Col - [[Colistin]] (polymyxin-B)
* Cpm - [[Cefepime]]
* Cro - [[Ceftriaxone]]
* Cxm - [[Cefuroxime]]
* Ert - [[Ertapenem]] (since 2005)
* Gen - [[Gentamicin]]
* Imp - [[Imipenem]]
* Mez - [[Mezlocillin]] (up to mid-2006)
* Meth - [[Methicillin]]; Sep - [[Cotrimoxazole]]
* Tob - [[Tobramycin]]
* Tzp - [[Tazocin|Piperacillin-Tazobactam]]
* Van - [[Vancomycin]]

{{רווח קשיח}}
{| dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
|Group
|n
| colspan="3" |[[פניצילין|Penicillins]]
| colspan="2" |Carbap.{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה6|Susceptibilities of [[t:Imipenem|Imipenem]] (Imp) and [[t:Meropenem|Meropenem]] (Mer) are not identical, but similar. Since 2006, the microbiology laboratory determines susceptibility to both [[t:Imipenem|Imipenem]] and meropenem}}
| colspan="5" |[[Cephalosporins]]
| colspan="2" |[[Aminoglycoside]]
| colspan="4" |Other
|-
|
|
|Aug
|Mez
|Tzp
|Ert
|Imp
|Cef
|Cxm
|Cro
|Caz
|Cpm
|Gen
|Amk
|Chl
|Sep
|Cip
|Col
|-
|≤48hr
|3447
|66
|49
|91
|99
|99
|61
|75
|83
|85
|85
|83
|97
|79
|62
|73
|86
|-
|>48hr
|1898
|39
|42
|76
|92
|98
|32
|47
|60
|62
|67
|66
|89
|58
|52
|59
|78
|}

==טבלה 4==

<div class="mw-content-ltr">
===Table 4a: Antimicrobial susceptibilities (%) of selected organisms (in Alphabetical order), isolated from blood cultures, 2001-2008===
</div>

{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
|Organism	
|n	
|Amp
|Amk	
|Aug	
|Caz	
|Cef	
|Chl
|Cip
|Col	
|Cpm
|Cro
|Cxm
|Ert	
|Gen	
|Imp
|Mez	
|Sep	
|Tzp
|-
|Acinetobacter baumanii
|589
|
|44
|
|13
|
|
|9
|98
|
|
|
|
|24
|62
|
|17
|19
|-
|Citrobacter species	
|189
|15
|97
|74
|85
|74
|85
|91
|100
|87
|86
|82
|100	
|94	
|100
|84	
|81
|94
|-
|E. coli
|2753
|34
|98
|68
|86
|64
|86
|74
|100
|86	
|84
|79
|100	
|83
|100
|37
|61
|93
|-
|Enterobacter species
|189	
|15
|97
|74
|85
|74
|85
|91
|100
|87
|86
|82
|99
|94
|100
|84
|81
|94
|-
|Enterococcus faecalis{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה10|All isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were susceptible to vancomycin. Of 91 isolates of Enterococcus faecium 47% were [[t:Vancomycin|Vancomycin]] susceptible.}}	
|410	
|95
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Klebsiella oxytoca	
|119
|
|98
|87
|93
|86
|92
|94
|99
|93
|91	
|90
|
|94
|100
|81
|89
|94
|-
|Klebsiella pneumoniae
|1161
|
|81
|51
|54
|44
|52	
|53
|99
|57	
|52
|49
|85
|61
|95
|43
|48
|60
|-
|Morganella morganii
|109
|
|95
|11
|78
|6
|49
|56
|
|91
|83
|17
|
|60
|99	
|69
|48
|94
|-
|Proteus mirabilis	
|569
|25
|98
|66
|73
|44
|42	
|48
|
|67
|66	
|61
|99
|63
|99
|41
|37
|98
|-
|Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|691
|
|93
|
|91
|
|
|71	
|100
|92
|
|
|
|83	
|89
|76
|
|91
|-
|Salmonella{{כ}}{{הערה|1=Salmonella:  includes Salmonella arizonae, group B, group C, group D, group E, and Salmonella species. Not included are S. typhi (n=3 ) and S. paratyphi (n=1).}}
|108
|97
|
|100
|
|
|98
|73
|
|
|100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Serratia marcescens
|164
|
|98
|
|85
|
|78
|89
|
|86
|88
|4
|100	
|88
|99
|88
|73
|93
|-
|S. aureus {{כ}}{{הערה|1= S. aureus: 59% methicillin susceptible (=MSSA). Rate varies from Pediatric isolates (90%); through ED isolates (61%) and Medical Departments' isolates (48%) to ICU isolates (32%). 100% of isolates were Vancomycin-susceptible. See separate tables for results of S. aureus.}}
|1646
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Steno-trophomonas
|156
|
|79
|
|89
|
|
|82
|
|86
|
|
|
|78
|
|88
|90
|90
|-
|[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|Streptococcus pneumoniae{{כ}}{{הערה|1=S. pneumoniae (n=490): Below, respectively, age 20 years (n=273) and above 20 years (n=218): Penicillin susceptible (defined as MIC < 0.1 μgm/ml) respectively 74% and 85%; Intermediate resistance (MIC = 0.1-2) 26% and 15 respectively; Resistant (MIC > 2) 0% and 0% respectively. See separate tables for detailed results of  S. pneumoniae.}}]][./index.php%3Ftitle=טבלאות_רגישויות_מבית_החולים_שערי_צדק_-_תרביות_דם#cite_note-10 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[10]</nowiki></span>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

{{רווח קשיח}}
<div class="mw-content-ltr">
===Table 4b: Source of selected organisms isolated from blood cultures: community acquired versus nosocomial, 2001-2008===
</div>

{{רווח קשיח}}
{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
|Organism
|Total (n)	
|Community (%) (≤48 hour in hospital)	
|Hospital (%) (>48 hours in hospital)	
|Other Health Care associated{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה11|Includes: adult and pediatric dialysis units, hematological and pediatric day care centers, personnel, other}}  (%)
|-
|Acinetobacter baumanii	
|589
|11
|78	
|11
|-
|Citrobacter spp.
|189
|47
|42
|11
|-
|E. coli
|2762
|72
|19
|9
|-
|Enterobacter cloacae
|448
|20
|65	
|15
|-
|Enterococcus faecalis
|392
|35
|53	
|12
|-
|Haemophilus influenzae
|696
|37	
|53	
|10
|-
|Klebsiella oxytoca	
|121	
|36	
|50	
|14
|-
|Klebsiella pneumoniae	
|1381	
|36	
|54	
|10
|-
|Morganella morganii	
|131	
|43	
|49	
|8
|-
|Proteus mirabilis	
|569	
|56	
|36	
|8
|-
|Pseudomonas aeruginosa	
|678
|32
|57
|11
|-
|Salmonella non typhi
|108
|85
|13
|2
|-
|Serratia	
|196
|25
|57
|17
|-
|S. aureus 	
|1624	
|48	
|40	
|12
|-
|Stenotrophomonas	
|156	
|35	
|48	
|17
|-
|Streptococcus pneumoniae 
|902
|93
|2
|5
|}

==טבלה 5==

<div class="mw-content-ltr">
===Table 5a: Change in antimicrobial susceptibility (%) of all isolates of E.coli (n=2102) isolated from blood cultures, 2000-2008===
</div>

{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
|Year	
|01	
|02	
|03	
|04	
|05	
|06	
|07	
|08
|mean	
|Trend analysis	
|-
|N	
|240
|232
|255
|227
|282
|286
|305
|275
|	
|P	%
|-
|colspan="11"|Penicillins
|-
|Augmentin
|69
|69
|69
|64
|65
|75
|64
|67
|68
|NS
|-
|Mezlocillin
|36
|37
|38
|36
|35
|49
|NA	
|NA	
|37	
|<0.05
|-
|Tazocin
|89
|93
|89
|92
|87
|96
|95
|94
|93
|<0.01
|-
|colspan="11"|Cephalosporins
|-
|Cefazolin 
|47
|56
|64
|70
|78
|75
|69
|76
|63
|<0.001
|-
|Cefuroxime
|78
|81
|83
|81
|79
|81
|74
|76
|79
|NS
|-
|Ceftriaxone
|83
|90
|89
|84
|83
|83
|76
|79
|84
|NS
|-
|Ceftazidime
|87
|89
|89
|85
|83
|84
|76
|79
|86
|NS
|-
|Cefepime	
|93
|89
|88
|87
|85
|86
|78
|81
|85
|NS
|-
|colspan="11"|Carbapenems
|-
|Ertapenem
|NA
|NA	
|NA
|NA
|100
|100	
|100	
|100	
|100	
|NS
|-
|Imipenem	
|98	
|100
|100
|100
|100
|100
|100	
|100
|100
|NS
|-
|colspan="11"|Aminoglycosides
|-
|Gentamicin
|81	
|87
|86
|83
|76
|86
|83
|82
|83
|0.01
|-
|Amikacin	
|99
|99
|97
|99
|99
|99
|99
|97
|98
|NS
|-
|colspan="11"|Other
|-
|Chloramph 
|83
|87
|87
|90
|88
|88
|86
|88
|86
|<0.01
|-
|Cotrimoxazole
|60
|61
|60
|53
|60
|61
|65
|68
|61
|NS
|-
|Ciprofloxacin
|73
|79
|72
|73
|69
|72
|68
|74
|74
|NS
|-
|Colistin   	
|99
|99
|100
|100
|100
|100
|100
|99
|100
|NS
|}

{{רווח קשיח}}
<div class="mw-content-ltr">

===Table 5b: Change in antimicrobial susceptibility (%) of all isolates of K.pneumoniae (n=1058) isolated from blood cultures, 2000-2008===
</div>

{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
|Year
|1	
|2	
|3	
|4
|5
|6
|7	
|8
|mean	
|Trend analysis
|-
|N	
|114
|139
|113
|103
|126
|128
|192
|143
|
|P	%
|-
|colspan="11"|Penicillins
|-
|Augmentin	
|39
|55
|64
|57
|57
|41
|44
|59
|51
|<0.001
|-
|Mezlocillin	
|30	
|50	
|59
|51	
|46	
|NA
|NA
|NA	
|43	
|<0.001
|-
|Tazocin
|39	
|60
|70	
|72	
|63	
|56	
|47
|73	
|60	
|<0.001
|-
|colspan="11"|Cephalosporins
|-
|Cefazolin
|36
|50	
|61	
|54	
|50	
|34	
|40	
|41	
|44	
|<0.001
|-
|Cefuroxime
|46
|54	
|62	
|55	
|54	
|38	
|43	
|50	
|53
|<0.01
|-
|Ceftriaxone	
|46	
|55
|64
|61
|60
|38
|45
|53	
|52
|<0.001
|-
|Ceftazidime	
|46
|55
|66
|61
|60
|39
|45
|53	
|53
|<0.001
|-
|Cefepime	
|74	
|63
|66
|61
|60
|37
|45
|56	
|58
|<0.001
|-
|colspan="11"|Carbapenems
|-
|Ertapenem
|NA	
|NA
|NA	
|NA
|89
|94
|74
|86
|85
|
|-
|Imi/Mero{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה12|Imipenem until 2006, [[t:Meropenem|Meropenem]] since 2006}}	
|99
|97
|96
|100
|100
|95
|86
|87	
|95
|<0.001
|-
|colspan="11"|Aminoglycosides	
|-
|Gentamicin
|42
|57
|75
|61
|62
|44	
|75
|81	
|61
|<0.001
|-
|Amikacin	
|89	
|94	
|95
|96
|82
|69
|63
|73
|81
|<0.001
|-
|colspan="11"|Other
|-
|Chloramph   	
|41
|52
|69
|61
|58
|38	
|40
|65
|52	
|<0.001
|-
|Cotrimoxazole	
|37	
|52
|64
|56
|53
|34	
|35
|59
|48
|<0.001
|-
|Ciprofloxacin	
|41	
|54
|68
|64
|57
|41	
|40
|56
|53
|<0.001
|-
|Colistin   	
|100	
|99	
|100
|100
|100
|96
|98	
|99
|99
|NS
|}

{{רווח קשיח}}
<div class="mw-content-ltr">

==Table 6: Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae (CRKP)==
</div>

{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
|
!colspan="2"|Blood Isolates
!colspan="2"|Urine isolates	
!colspan="2"|Sputum isolates
|-
|Year
|All isolates of K. pneumoniae
|CRKP N (%)
|All isolates of K. pneumoniae
|CRKP N (%)	
|All isolates of K. pneumoniae
|CRKP N (%)
|-
|2001
|103
|1 (1)	
|393
|1 (0.2)
|60
|
|-
|2002
|128
|4 (3)	
|474
|1 (0.2)
|2
|
|-
|2003
|105
|4 (4)	
|403
|3 (0.7)
|22
|
|-
|2004
|105
|0	
|406
|2 (0.5)
|99
|
|-
|2005
|110
|0	
|379
|3 (0.8)
|98
|1 (1)
|-
|2006
|116
|5 (4)	
|353
|26 (7.4)
|97
|4 (4.1)
|-
|2007
|129	
|22 (17)
|314	
|46 (14.6)
|89
|26 (29.2)
|-
|2008
|136	
|17 (12)
|487
|31 (6.4)
|104	
|18 (17.3)
|-
|Total
|932
|53 (5.7)
|3209
|113 (3.5)
|571
|49 (8.6)
|}

{{רווח קשיח}}
<div class="mw-content-ltr">

==Table 7: Antimicrobial susceptibility (%) of all isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=691) isolated from blood cultures, 2001-2008==
</div>
{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
|
|≤48 hrs in hospital
|>48 hours in hospital
|-
|
|214
|394
|-
|colspan="3"|Penicillins
|-
|Mezlocillin{{כ}}{{הערה|1=continues to be tested}}	
|83	
|69
|-
|Tazocin
|94
|87
|-
|colspan="3"|Cephalosporins
|-
|Ceftazidime
|95
|88
|-
|Cefepime{{כ}}{{הערה|1=tested until 2006}}
|92	
|91
|-
|colspan="3"|Carbapenems
|-
|Imipenem	
|97	
|82
|-
|Meropenem{{כ}}{{הערה|1=tested since 2006}}
|91	
|93
|-
|colspan="3"|Aminoglycosides
|-
|Gentamicin	
|80	
|78
|-
|Amikacin	
|95	
|90
|-
|colspan="3"|Other
|-
|Ciprofloxacin	
|76	
|65
|-
|Colistin   	
|100	
|99
|}

{{רווח קשיח}}
<div class="mw-content-ltr">
==Table 8: Methicillin susceptibility (%) of Staphylococcus aureus, bacteremia, 2001-2008==
</div>

<div class="mw-content-ltr">
===Table 8a: S. aureus, % methicillin susceptible bacteremia, by department{{כ}}{{הערה|1=significant change in % methicillin susceptibility was noted over the study period}}===
</div>
{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
!Department	
!S. aureus Total (n)
!MSSA/Total n (%)
|-
||	Pediatrics	||	243	||	213 (88)
|-
||	Emergency Department	||	526	||	322 (61)
|-
||	Surgery Total	||	203	||	127 (63)
|-
||	   Chest surgery	||	87	||	56 (64)
|-
||	   Orthopedics	||	22	||	14 (64)
|-
||	   General surgery	||	56	||	27 (48)
|-
||	Medicine Total	||	583	||	282 (48)
|-
||	   Oncology	||	66	||	52 (79)
|-
||	   Geriatrics	||	125	||	40 (32)
|-
||	   Medicine A + B	||	232	||	88 (38)
|-
||	ICU	||	65	||	21 (32)
|-
||	<48 hours in hospital	||	795	||	542 (68)
|-
||	>48 hours in hospital	||	666	||	321 (48)
|-
||	Overall	||	1646	||	977 (59)
|}

{{רווח קשיח}}
<div class="mw-content-ltr">
===Table 8b: Susceptibility (%) of S.aureus to other anti-staphylococcal agents{{כ}}{{הערה|1=Oxa-Oxacillin (=similar to methicillin), Rif-Rifampicin, Cip-Ciprofloxacin, Clin-Clindamycin, Chlor-Chloramphenicol, Sept-Cotrimoxazole (=trimethorpim-sulfamethoxazole), Vanc-Vancomycin, Fus-Fusidic acid}} , {{הערה|1=Linezolid and daptomycin are available in SZMC; however, systematic susceptibility testing of all strains is not yet performed.}}===
</div>

{{רווח קשיח}}
{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
!	Group||n||Oxa||Rif||Cip||Clin||Chlor||Sept||Vanc||Fus
|-
||MSSA||959||100||100||94||96||92||97||100||95
|-	
||MRSA||646||0||85||9||33||52||88||100||93
|}

==Table 9: Blood isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae==

<div class="mw-content-ltr">
===Table 9a: age distribution===
</div>
{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
!Year	||	All isolates n	||	Age 0-20	||	Age >20
|-
||	2001	||	34	||	19	||	15
|-
||	2002	||	47||	28	||	19
|-
||	2003	||	67	||	46	||	21
|-
||	2004	||	53	||	33||	20
|-
||	2005	||87	||	40	||	47
|-
||	2006	||	70	||	39	||	31
|-
||	2007	||	39	||	25	||	14
|-
||	2008	||	93	||	42	||	51
|-
||	Grand Total	||490	||	273 (56)||	218 (44)
|}

{{רווח קשיח}}
<div class="mw-content-ltr">
===Table 9b: Penicillin susceptibility, age 0-20{{כ}}{{הערה|1=83% of isolates were erythromycin susceptible}}===
</div>
{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"

!Year||N||Susceptible||Intermediate||Resistant
|-
||	2001||	19	||	12 (63)	||	7 (37)	||	0
|-
||	2002	||	28	||26 (93)	||	2 (7)	||	0
|-
||	2003	||	46	||	40 (87)	||	6 (13)	||	0
|-
||	2004	||	33	||	18 (54)	||	15 (45)	||	0
|-
||	2005	||	40	||	29 (72)	||	11 (28)	||	0
|-
||	2006	||	39	||	30 (77)	||	9 (23)||	0
|-
||	2007	||	25	||14 (56)	||	11 (44)	||	0
|-
||	2008||	42	||	34 (81)	||	8 (19)	||	0
|-
||Grand Total||273||203 (74)||69 (26)||0
|}

{{רווח קשיח}}
<div class="mw-content-ltr">
===Table 9c: Penicillin susceptibility, age >20{{כ}}{{הערה|1=92% of isolates were erythromycin susceptible, a significantly higher rate than in children (p<0.01).}}===
</div>
{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
!Year||N||Susceptible||Intermediate||Resistant
|-
||2001	||15	||12 (80)	||	3 (20)	||	0
|-
||	2002||	19	||17 (89)	||	2 (10)||	0
|-
||	2003||	21	||19 (90)	||	2 (10)	||	0
|-
||2004	||20	||13 (65)	||	7 (35)	||	0
|-
||	2005||	47	||	43 (91)	||	4 (8)	||	0
|-
||2006	||31||28 (90)	||3 (10)	||	0
|-
||2007	||14	||	11 (79)	||	3 (21)	||	0
|-
||2008	||51	||42 (82)	||	9 (18)||	0
|-
||Grand Total||218||185 (85)||33 (15)||0
|}

{{רווח קשיח}}
<div class="mw-content-ltr">
===Table 9d: S. pneumoniae, macrolide susceptibility (%), blood culture specimens ===
</div>
{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4"
!	Year	||	Age 0-20 N (%)	||	Age >20 N (%)
|-
||	2001	||	32 (81)	||	25 (80)
|-
||	2002	||	43 (88)	||	29 (97)
|-
||	2003	||	64 (81)||	26 (92)
|-
||	2004	||	33 (76)	||	22 (95)
|-
||	2005	||40 (90)	||	51 (96)
|-
||	2006	||	59 (89)	||46 (96)
|-
||	2007	||	53 (77)||	42 (95)
|-
||	2008	||56 (82)	||	59 (85)
|-
||	Total{{כ}}{{הערה|1=92% of isolates from adults were erythromycin susceptible, a significantly higher rate than in children (p<0.01).}}	||	379 (84)	||	300 (92)
|}

<div class="mw-content-ltr">
==Table 10: Number of patient-specific positive blood cultures with β-hemolytic streptococci, by Lancefield grouping (2001-2008)==
</div>
{|border="1" cellpadding="4" dir="ltr"
!Total
!colspan="6"|Lancefield Group
|Year
|-
||		||G	||	F	||D||	C||	B||A||	
|-
||149 (29)||1 (1)||0||16 (20)||0||69 (42)||63 (27)||≤20
|-
||363 (71)||81 (99)||1 (100)||66 (80)||13 (100)	||94 (58)||108 (63)||>20
|-
||512||82||1||	82	||13	||163	||171	||{{כ}}{{הערה|1=No significant changes in annual incidence of various streptococci were observed.}} Total
|}

== הערות שוליים ==
<blockquote> 
<div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr">
{{הערות שוליים}}
</div>
</blockquote>

==ביבליוגרפיה==

;לטבלה 1
<blockquote> 
<div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr">
#Yinnon AM, Schlesinger Y, Gabbay D, Rudensky B.  Analysis of 5 years of bacteraemias: importance of stratification of microbial susceptibilities by source of patients.  J Infect 1007 Jul; 35(1):17-23.
#Raveh D, Rudensky B, Schlesinger Y, Benenson S, Yinnon AM.  Susceptibility trends in bacteraemias: Analysis of 7544 patient-unique bacteraemic episodes spanning 11 years (1990-2000). J Hosp Infect 2003.
</div>
</blockquote>

;לטבלה 2
<blockquote> 
<div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr">
#Friedmann R, Raveh D, Zartzer E, Rudensky B, Broide E, Attias D, Yinnon AM. Prospective evaluation of colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteriaceae among patients at hospital admission and of subsequent colonization with ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae among patients during hospitalization. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009;30(6):534-42.
#Raveh D, Yinnon AM, Broide E, Rudensky B. Susceptibilities of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae to ertapenem, [[t:Meropenem|Meropenem]] and piperacillin-tazobactam with and without clavulanic acid. Chemotherapy. 2007;53(3):185-9. 
#Cohen MJ, Anshelevich O, Raveh D, Broide E, Rudensky B, Yinnon AM. Acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms among hospital patients hospitalized in beds adjacent to critically ill patients.  Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006;27(7):675-81.
#Henshke-Bar-Meir R, Yinnon AM, Rudensky B, Attias D, Schlesinger Y, Raveh D. Assessment of the clinical significance of production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) by Enterobacteriaceae. Infection. 2006;34(2):66-74.
#Tallis E, Rudensky B, Attias D, Raveh D, Schlesinger Y, Yinnon AM. In-vitro activity of cefepime and other broad-spectrum antimicrobials against several groups of gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1999;35(2):121-6
</div>
</blockquote>


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