הבדלים בין גרסאות בדף "טבלאות רגישויות מבית החולים שערי צדק - תרביות דם - Shaare zedek medical center antibiotic sensitivity table - blood cultures"
מתוך ויקירפואה
(74 גרסאות ביניים של 3 משתמשים אינן מוצגות) | |||
שורה 1: | שורה 1: | ||
+ | {{Sub Chapter | ||
+ | |Book= | ||
+ | שימוש מושכל באנטיביוטיקה ונהלים למניעת זיהומים | ||
+ | |Chapter number=8 | ||
+ | |Sub Chapter number=1 | ||
+ | }} | ||
{{פנקס| | {{פנקס| | ||
|שם המחבר=פרופ' עמוס ינון, פרופ' יחיאל שלזינגר, דר' דוד רווה | |שם המחבר=פרופ' עמוס ינון, פרופ' יחיאל שלזינגר, דר' דוד רווה | ||
שורה 113: | שורה 119: | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | ==טבלה 2: Enterobacteriaceae, producing Extended-Spectrum β- | + | ==טבלה 2: Enterobacteriaceae, producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) (n,%) 2002-2008{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה5|* Routine testing for ESBL was initiated in 2002}}== |
− | |||
− | |||
+ | ===טבלה 2א': Collected in the Emergency Department=== | ||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
|Year | |Year | ||
שורה 172: | שורה 178: | ||
|67/228 (29) | |67/228 (29) | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
===טבלה 2ב': Collected from hospitalized patients=== | ===טבלה 2ב': Collected from hospitalized patients=== | ||
− | + | {{רווח קשיח}} | |
− | |||
{|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
− | + | |Year | |
|All Enterobacteriaceae N=1562 (%) | |All Enterobacteriaceae N=1562 (%) | ||
|E.coli N=347 (%) | |E.coli N=347 (%) | ||
שורה 184: | שורה 190: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2002 | |2002 | ||
− | |54/147 (37) 7/35 (20) 34/53 (64) 2/6 (33) | + | |54/147 (37) |
+ | |7/35 (20) | ||
+ | |34/53 (64) | ||
+ | |2/6 (33) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |2003 | ||
+ | |62/213 (29) | ||
+ | |10/46 (22) | ||
+ | |22/55 (40) | ||
+ | |13/26 (50) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |2004 | ||
+ | |64/183 (35) | ||
+ | |11/48 (23) | ||
+ | |28/51 (55) | ||
+ | |10/18 (56) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |2005 | ||
+ | |93/234 (40) | ||
+ | |22/58 (38) | ||
+ | |35/68 (51) | ||
+ | |17/30 (57) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |2006 | ||
+ | |97/267 (36) | ||
+ | |13/54 (24) | ||
+ | |54/86 (63) | ||
+ | |15/29 (52) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |2007 | ||
+ | |58/244 (24) | ||
+ | |12/44 (27) | ||
+ | |35/99 (35) | ||
+ | |7/14 (50) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |2008 | ||
+ | |75/243 (31) | ||
+ | |13/57 (23) | ||
+ | |29/77 (37) | ||
+ | |4/16 (25) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Total | ||
+ | |512/1562 (33) | ||
+ | |88/347 (25) | ||
+ | |239/495 (48) | ||
+ | |70/143 (49) | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==טבלה 3: Enterobacteriaceae – antimicrobial susceptibilities (%) 2001-2008. Breakdown by source of patient== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ;מקרא | ||
+ | *Amp - [[Ampicillin]] | ||
+ | * Amk - [[Amikacin]] | ||
+ | * Aug - [[Augmentin|Amoxycillin-clavulanate]] | ||
+ | * Carbap - [[Carbapenem|Carbapenems]] | ||
+ | * Caz - [[Ceftazidime]] | ||
+ | *Cef - [[Cefazolin]] | ||
+ | * Chl - [[Chloramphenicol]] | ||
+ | * Cip - [[Ciprofloxacin]] | ||
+ | * Col - [[Colistin]] (polymyxin-B) | ||
+ | * Cpm - [[Cefepime]] | ||
+ | * Cro - [[Ceftriaxone]] | ||
+ | * Cxm - [[Cefuroxime]] | ||
+ | * Ert - [[Ertapenem]] (since 2005) | ||
+ | * Gen - [[Gentamicin]] | ||
+ | * Imp - [[Imipenem]] | ||
+ | * Mez - [[Mezlocillin]] (up to mid-2006) | ||
+ | * Meth - [[Methicillin]]; Sep - [[Cotrimoxazole]] | ||
+ | * Tob - [[Tobramycin]] | ||
+ | * Tzp - [[Tazocin|Piperacillin-Tazobactam]] | ||
+ | * Van - [[Vancomycin]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
+ | {| dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
+ | |Group | ||
+ | |n | ||
+ | | colspan="3" |[[פניצילין|Penicillins]] | ||
+ | | colspan="2" |Carbap.{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה6|Susceptibilities of [[t:Imipenem|Imipenem]] (Imp) and [[t:Meropenem|Meropenem]] (Mer) are not identical, but similar. Since 2006, the microbiology laboratory determines susceptibility to both [[t:Imipenem|Imipenem]] and meropenem}} | ||
+ | | colspan="5" |[[Cephalosporins]] | ||
+ | | colspan="2" |[[Aminoglycoside]] | ||
+ | | colspan="4" |Other | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |Aug | ||
+ | |Mez | ||
+ | |Tzp | ||
+ | |Ert | ||
+ | |Imp | ||
+ | |Cef | ||
+ | |Cxm | ||
+ | |Cro | ||
+ | |Caz | ||
+ | |Cpm | ||
+ | |Gen | ||
+ | |Amk | ||
+ | |Chl | ||
+ | |Sep | ||
+ | |Cip | ||
+ | |Col | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |≤48hr | ||
+ | |3447 | ||
+ | |66 | ||
+ | |49 | ||
+ | |91 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |75 | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |85 | ||
+ | |85 | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |97 | ||
+ | |79 | ||
+ | |62 | ||
+ | |73 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |>48hr | ||
+ | |1898 | ||
+ | |39 | ||
+ | |42 | ||
+ | |76 | ||
+ | |92 | ||
+ | |98 | ||
+ | |32 | ||
+ | |47 | ||
+ | |60 | ||
+ | |62 | ||
+ | |67 | ||
+ | |66 | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | |58 | ||
+ | |52 | ||
+ | |59 | ||
+ | |78 | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==טבלה 4== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | ===Table 4a: Antimicrobial susceptibilities (%) of selected organisms (in Alphabetical order), isolated from blood cultures, 2001-2008=== | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
+ | |Organism | ||
+ | |n | ||
+ | |Amp | ||
+ | |Amk | ||
+ | |Aug | ||
+ | |Caz | ||
+ | |Cef | ||
+ | |Chl | ||
+ | |Cip | ||
+ | |Col | ||
+ | |Cpm | ||
+ | |Cro | ||
+ | |Cxm | ||
+ | |Ert | ||
+ | |Gen | ||
+ | |Imp | ||
+ | |Mez | ||
+ | |Sep | ||
+ | |Tzp | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Acinetobacter baumanii | ||
+ | |589 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |44 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |13 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |9 | ||
+ | |98 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |24 | ||
+ | |62 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |17 | ||
+ | |19 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Citrobacter species | ||
+ | |189 | ||
+ | |15 | ||
+ | |97 | ||
+ | |74 | ||
+ | |85 | ||
+ | |74 | ||
+ | |85 | ||
+ | |91 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |87 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |82 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |94 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |84 | ||
+ | |81 | ||
+ | |94 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |E. coli | ||
+ | |2753 | ||
+ | |34 | ||
+ | |98 | ||
+ | |68 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |64 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |74 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |84 | ||
+ | |79 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |37 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |93 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Enterobacter species | ||
+ | |189 | ||
+ | |15 | ||
+ | |97 | ||
+ | |74 | ||
+ | |85 | ||
+ | |74 | ||
+ | |85 | ||
+ | |91 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |87 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |82 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |94 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |84 | ||
+ | |81 | ||
+ | |94 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Enterococcus faecalis{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה10|All isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were susceptible to vancomycin. Of 91 isolates of Enterococcus faecium 47% were [[t:Vancomycin|Vancomycin]] susceptible.}} | ||
+ | |410 | ||
+ | |95 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Klebsiella oxytoca | ||
+ | |119 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |98 | ||
+ | |87 | ||
+ | |93 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |92 | ||
+ | |94 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |93 | ||
+ | |91 | ||
+ | |90 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |94 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |81 | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | |94 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Klebsiella pneumoniae | ||
+ | |1161 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |81 | ||
+ | |51 | ||
+ | |54 | ||
+ | |44 | ||
+ | |52 | ||
+ | |53 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |57 | ||
+ | |52 | ||
+ | |49 | ||
+ | |85 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |95 | ||
+ | |43 | ||
+ | |48 | ||
+ | |60 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Morganella morganii | ||
+ | |109 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |95 | ||
+ | |11 | ||
+ | |78 | ||
+ | |6 | ||
+ | |49 | ||
+ | |56 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |91 | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |17 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |60 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |69 | ||
+ | |48 | ||
+ | |94 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Proteus mirabilis | ||
+ | |569 | ||
+ | |25 | ||
+ | |98 | ||
+ | |66 | ||
+ | |73 | ||
+ | |44 | ||
+ | |42 | ||
+ | |48 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |67 | ||
+ | |66 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |63 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |41 | ||
+ | |37 | ||
+ | |98 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||
+ | |691 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |93 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |91 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |71 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |92 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | |76 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |91 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Salmonella{{כ}}{{הערה|1=Salmonella: includes Salmonella arizonae, group B, group C, group D, group E, and Salmonella species. Not included are S. typhi (n=3 ) and S. paratyphi (n=1).}} | ||
+ | |108 | ||
+ | |97 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |98 | ||
+ | |73 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Serratia marcescens | ||
+ | |164 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |98 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |85 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |78 | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |88 | ||
+ | |4 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |88 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |88 | ||
+ | |73 | ||
+ | |93 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |S. aureus {{כ}}{{הערה|1= S. aureus: 59% methicillin susceptible (=MSSA). Rate varies from Pediatric isolates (90%); through ED isolates (61%) and Medical Departments' isolates (48%) to ICU isolates (32%). 100% of isolates were Vancomycin-susceptible. See separate tables for results of S. aureus.}} | ||
+ | |1646 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Steno-trophomonas | ||
+ | |156 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |79 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |82 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |78 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |88 | ||
+ | |90 | ||
+ | |90 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|Streptococcus pneumoniae{{כ}}{{הערה|1=S. pneumoniae (n=490): Below, respectively, age 20 years (n=273) and above 20 years (n=218): Penicillin susceptible (defined as MIC < 0.1 μgm/ml) respectively 74% and 85%; Intermediate resistance (MIC = 0.1-2) 26% and 15 respectively; Resistant (MIC > 2) 0% and 0% respectively. See separate tables for detailed results of S. pneumoniae.}}]][./index.php%3Ftitle=טבלאות_רגישויות_מבית_החולים_שערי_צדק_-_תרביות_דם#cite_note-10 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[10]</nowiki></span>] | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | ===Table 4b: Source of selected organisms isolated from blood cultures: community acquired versus nosocomial, 2001-2008=== | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
+ | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
+ | |Organism | ||
+ | |Total (n) | ||
+ | |Community (%) (≤48 hour in hospital) | ||
+ | |Hospital (%) (>48 hours in hospital) | ||
+ | |Other Health Care associated{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה11|Includes: adult and pediatric dialysis units, hematological and pediatric day care centers, personnel, other}} (%) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Acinetobacter baumanii | ||
+ | |589 | ||
+ | |11 | ||
+ | |78 | ||
+ | |11 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Citrobacter spp. | ||
+ | |189 | ||
+ | |47 | ||
+ | |42 | ||
+ | |11 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |E. coli | ||
+ | |2762 | ||
+ | |72 | ||
+ | |19 | ||
+ | |9 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Enterobacter cloacae | ||
+ | |448 | ||
+ | |20 | ||
+ | |65 | ||
+ | |15 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Enterococcus faecalis | ||
+ | |392 | ||
+ | |35 | ||
+ | |53 | ||
+ | |12 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Haemophilus influenzae | ||
+ | |696 | ||
+ | |37 | ||
+ | |53 | ||
+ | |10 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Klebsiella oxytoca | ||
+ | |121 | ||
+ | |36 | ||
+ | |50 | ||
+ | |14 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Klebsiella pneumoniae | ||
+ | |1381 | ||
+ | |36 | ||
+ | |54 | ||
+ | |10 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Morganella morganii | ||
+ | |131 | ||
+ | |43 | ||
+ | |49 | ||
+ | |8 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Proteus mirabilis | ||
+ | |569 | ||
+ | |56 | ||
+ | |36 | ||
+ | |8 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||
+ | |678 | ||
+ | |32 | ||
+ | |57 | ||
+ | |11 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Salmonella non typhi | ||
+ | |108 | ||
+ | |85 | ||
+ | |13 | ||
+ | |2 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Serratia | ||
+ | |196 | ||
+ | |25 | ||
+ | |57 | ||
+ | |17 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |S. aureus | ||
+ | |1624 | ||
+ | |48 | ||
+ | |40 | ||
+ | |12 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Stenotrophomonas | ||
+ | |156 | ||
+ | |35 | ||
+ | |48 | ||
+ | |17 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Streptococcus pneumoniae | ||
+ | |902 | ||
+ | |93 | ||
+ | |2 | ||
+ | |5 | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==טבלה 5== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | ===Table 5a: Change in antimicrobial susceptibility (%) of all isolates of E.coli (n=2102) isolated from blood cultures, 2000-2008=== | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
+ | |Year | ||
+ | |01 | ||
+ | |02 | ||
+ | |03 | ||
+ | |04 | ||
+ | |05 | ||
+ | |06 | ||
+ | |07 | ||
+ | |08 | ||
+ | |mean | ||
+ | |Trend analysis | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |N | ||
+ | |240 | ||
+ | |232 | ||
+ | |255 | ||
+ | |227 | ||
+ | |282 | ||
+ | |286 | ||
+ | |305 | ||
+ | |275 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |P % | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="11"|Penicillins | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Augmentin | ||
+ | |69 | ||
+ | |69 | ||
+ | |69 | ||
+ | |64 | ||
+ | |65 | ||
+ | |75 | ||
+ | |64 | ||
+ | |67 | ||
+ | |68 | ||
+ | |NS | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Mezlocillin | ||
+ | |36 | ||
+ | |37 | ||
+ | |38 | ||
+ | |36 | ||
+ | |35 | ||
+ | |49 | ||
+ | |NA | ||
+ | |NA | ||
+ | |37 | ||
+ | |<0.05 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Tazocin | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | |93 | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | |92 | ||
+ | |87 | ||
+ | |96 | ||
+ | |95 | ||
+ | |94 | ||
+ | |93 | ||
+ | |<0.01 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="11"|Cephalosporins | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cefazolin | ||
+ | |47 | ||
+ | |56 | ||
+ | |64 | ||
+ | |70 | ||
+ | |78 | ||
+ | |75 | ||
+ | |69 | ||
+ | |76 | ||
+ | |63 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cefuroxime | ||
+ | |78 | ||
+ | |81 | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |81 | ||
+ | |79 | ||
+ | |81 | ||
+ | |74 | ||
+ | |76 | ||
+ | |79 | ||
+ | |NS | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ceftriaxone | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |90 | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | |84 | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |76 | ||
+ | |79 | ||
+ | |84 | ||
+ | |NS | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ceftazidime | ||
+ | |87 | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | |85 | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |84 | ||
+ | |76 | ||
+ | |79 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |NS | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cefepime | ||
+ | |93 | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | |88 | ||
+ | |87 | ||
+ | |85 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |78 | ||
+ | |81 | ||
+ | |85 | ||
+ | |NS | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="11"|Carbapenems | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ertapenem | ||
+ | |NA | ||
+ | |NA | ||
+ | |NA | ||
+ | |NA | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |NS | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Imipenem | ||
+ | |98 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |NS | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="11"|Aminoglycosides | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Gentamicin | ||
+ | |81 | ||
+ | |87 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |76 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |82 | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |0.01 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Amikacin | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |97 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |97 | ||
+ | |98 | ||
+ | |NS | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="11"|Other | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Chloramph | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |87 | ||
+ | |87 | ||
+ | |90 | ||
+ | |88 | ||
+ | |88 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |88 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |<0.01 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cotrimoxazole | ||
+ | |60 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |60 | ||
+ | |53 | ||
+ | |60 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |65 | ||
+ | |68 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |NS | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ciprofloxacin | ||
+ | |73 | ||
+ | |79 | ||
+ | |72 | ||
+ | |73 | ||
+ | |69 | ||
+ | |72 | ||
+ | |68 | ||
+ | |74 | ||
+ | |74 | ||
+ | |NS | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Colistin | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |NS | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Table 5b: Change in antimicrobial susceptibility (%) of all isolates of K.pneumoniae (n=1058) isolated from blood cultures, 2000-2008=== | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
+ | |Year | ||
+ | |1 | ||
+ | |2 | ||
+ | |3 | ||
+ | |4 | ||
+ | |5 | ||
+ | |6 | ||
+ | |7 | ||
+ | |8 | ||
+ | |mean | ||
+ | |Trend analysis | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |N | ||
+ | |114 | ||
+ | |139 | ||
+ | |113 | ||
+ | |103 | ||
+ | |126 | ||
+ | |128 | ||
+ | |192 | ||
+ | |143 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |P % | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="11"|Penicillins | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Augmentin | ||
+ | |39 | ||
+ | |55 | ||
+ | |64 | ||
+ | |57 | ||
+ | |57 | ||
+ | |41 | ||
+ | |44 | ||
+ | |59 | ||
+ | |51 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Mezlocillin | ||
+ | |30 | ||
+ | |50 | ||
+ | |59 | ||
+ | |51 | ||
+ | |46 | ||
+ | |NA | ||
+ | |NA | ||
+ | |NA | ||
+ | |43 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Tazocin | ||
+ | |39 | ||
+ | |60 | ||
+ | |70 | ||
+ | |72 | ||
+ | |63 | ||
+ | |56 | ||
+ | |47 | ||
+ | |73 | ||
+ | |60 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="11"|Cephalosporins | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cefazolin | ||
+ | |36 | ||
+ | |50 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |54 | ||
+ | |50 | ||
+ | |34 | ||
+ | |40 | ||
+ | |41 | ||
+ | |44 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cefuroxime | ||
+ | |46 | ||
+ | |54 | ||
+ | |62 | ||
+ | |55 | ||
+ | |54 | ||
+ | |38 | ||
+ | |43 | ||
+ | |50 | ||
+ | |53 | ||
+ | |<0.01 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ceftriaxone | ||
+ | |46 | ||
+ | |55 | ||
+ | |64 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |60 | ||
+ | |38 | ||
+ | |45 | ||
+ | |53 | ||
+ | |52 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ceftazidime | ||
+ | |46 | ||
+ | |55 | ||
+ | |66 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |60 | ||
+ | |39 | ||
+ | |45 | ||
+ | |53 | ||
+ | |53 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cefepime | ||
+ | |74 | ||
+ | |63 | ||
+ | |66 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |60 | ||
+ | |37 | ||
+ | |45 | ||
+ | |56 | ||
+ | |58 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="11"|Carbapenems | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ertapenem | ||
+ | |NA | ||
+ | |NA | ||
+ | |NA | ||
+ | |NA | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | |94 | ||
+ | |74 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |85 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Imi/Mero{{כ}}{{הערה|שם=הערה12|Imipenem until 2006, [[t:Meropenem|Meropenem]] since 2006}} | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |97 | ||
+ | |96 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |95 | ||
+ | |86 | ||
+ | |87 | ||
+ | |95 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="11"|Aminoglycosides | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Gentamicin | ||
+ | |42 | ||
+ | |57 | ||
+ | |75 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |62 | ||
+ | |44 | ||
+ | |75 | ||
+ | |81 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Amikacin | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | |94 | ||
+ | |95 | ||
+ | |96 | ||
+ | |82 | ||
+ | |69 | ||
+ | |63 | ||
+ | |73 | ||
+ | |81 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="11"|Other | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Chloramph | ||
+ | |41 | ||
+ | |52 | ||
+ | |69 | ||
+ | |61 | ||
+ | |58 | ||
+ | |38 | ||
+ | |40 | ||
+ | |65 | ||
+ | |52 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cotrimoxazole | ||
+ | |37 | ||
+ | |52 | ||
+ | |64 | ||
+ | |56 | ||
+ | |53 | ||
+ | |34 | ||
+ | |35 | ||
+ | |59 | ||
+ | |48 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ciprofloxacin | ||
+ | |41 | ||
+ | |54 | ||
+ | |68 | ||
+ | |64 | ||
+ | |57 | ||
+ | |41 | ||
+ | |40 | ||
+ | |56 | ||
+ | |53 | ||
+ | |<0.001 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Colistin | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |96 | ||
+ | |98 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |NS | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | ==Table 6: Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae (CRKP)== | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | !colspan="2"|Blood Isolates | ||
+ | !colspan="2"|Urine isolates | ||
+ | !colspan="2"|Sputum isolates | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Year | ||
+ | |All isolates of K. pneumoniae | ||
+ | |CRKP N (%) | ||
+ | |All isolates of K. pneumoniae | ||
+ | |CRKP N (%) | ||
+ | |All isolates of K. pneumoniae | ||
+ | |CRKP N (%) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |2001 | ||
+ | |103 | ||
+ | |1 (1) | ||
+ | |393 | ||
+ | |1 (0.2) | ||
+ | |60 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |2002 | ||
+ | |128 | ||
+ | |4 (3) | ||
+ | |474 | ||
+ | |1 (0.2) | ||
+ | |2 | ||
+ | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2003 | |2003 | ||
− | | | + | |105 |
+ | |4 (4) | ||
+ | |403 | ||
+ | |3 (0.7) | ||
+ | |22 | ||
+ | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2004 | |2004 | ||
− | | | + | |105 |
+ | |0 | ||
+ | |406 | ||
+ | |2 (0.5) | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2005 | |2005 | ||
− | | | + | |110 |
+ | |0 | ||
+ | |379 | ||
+ | |3 (0.8) | ||
+ | |98 | ||
+ | |1 (1) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2006 | |2006 | ||
− | | | + | |116 |
+ | |5 (4) | ||
+ | |353 | ||
+ | |26 (7.4) | ||
+ | |97 | ||
+ | |4 (4.1) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2007 | |2007 | ||
− | | | + | |129 |
+ | |22 (17) | ||
+ | |314 | ||
+ | |46 (14.6) | ||
+ | |89 | ||
+ | |26 (29.2) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2008 | |2008 | ||
− | | | + | |136 |
+ | |17 (12) | ||
+ | |487 | ||
+ | |31 (6.4) | ||
+ | |104 | ||
+ | |18 (17.3) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Total | ||
+ | |932 | ||
+ | |53 (5.7) | ||
+ | |3209 | ||
+ | |113 (3.5) | ||
+ | |571 | ||
+ | |49 (8.6) | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Table 7: Antimicrobial susceptibility (%) of all isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=691) isolated from blood cultures, 2001-2008== | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |≤48 hrs in hospital | ||
+ | |>48 hours in hospital | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |214 | ||
+ | |394 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="3"|Penicillins | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Mezlocillin{{כ}}{{הערה|1=continues to be tested}} | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |69 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Tazocin | ||
+ | |94 | ||
+ | |87 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="3"|Cephalosporins | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ceftazidime | ||
+ | |95 | ||
+ | |88 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cefepime{{כ}}{{הערה|1=tested until 2006}} | ||
+ | |92 | ||
+ | |91 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="3"|Carbapenems | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Imipenem | ||
+ | |97 | ||
+ | |82 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Meropenem{{כ}}{{הערה|1=tested since 2006}} | ||
+ | |91 | ||
+ | |93 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="3"|Aminoglycosides | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Gentamicin | ||
+ | |80 | ||
+ | |78 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Amikacin | ||
+ | |95 | ||
+ | |90 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="3"|Other | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ciprofloxacin | ||
+ | |76 | ||
+ | |65 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Colistin | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |99 | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | ==Table 8: Methicillin susceptibility (%) of Staphylococcus aureus, bacteremia, 2001-2008== | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | ===Table 8a: S. aureus, % methicillin susceptible bacteremia, by department{{כ}}{{הערה|1=significant change in % methicillin susceptibility was noted over the study period}}=== | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
+ | !Department | ||
+ | !S. aureus Total (n) | ||
+ | !MSSA/Total n (%) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || Pediatrics || 243 || 213 (88) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || Emergency Department || 526 || 322 (61) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || Surgery Total || 203 || 127 (63) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || Chest surgery || 87 || 56 (64) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || Orthopedics || 22 || 14 (64) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || General surgery || 56 || 27 (48) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || Medicine Total || 583 || 282 (48) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || Oncology || 66 || 52 (79) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || Geriatrics || 125 || 40 (32) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || Medicine A + B || 232 || 88 (38) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || ICU || 65 || 21 (32) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || <48 hours in hospital || 795 || 542 (68) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || >48 hours in hospital || 666 || 321 (48) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || Overall || 1646 || 977 (59) | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | ===Table 8b: Susceptibility (%) of S.aureus to other anti-staphylococcal agents{{כ}}{{הערה|1=Oxa-Oxacillin (=similar to methicillin), Rif-Rifampicin, Cip-Ciprofloxacin, Clin-Clindamycin, Chlor-Chloramphenicol, Sept-Cotrimoxazole (=trimethorpim-sulfamethoxazole), Vanc-Vancomycin, Fus-Fusidic acid}} , {{הערה|1=Linezolid and daptomycin are available in SZMC; however, systematic susceptibility testing of all strains is not yet performed.}}=== | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
+ | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
+ | ! Group||n||Oxa||Rif||Cip||Clin||Chlor||Sept||Vanc||Fus | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||MSSA||959||100||100||94||96||92||97||100||95 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||MRSA||646||0||85||9||33||52||88||100||93 | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Table 9: Blood isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | ===Table 9a: age distribution=== | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
+ | !Year || All isolates n || Age 0-20 || Age >20 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2001 || 34 || 19 || 15 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2002 || 47|| 28 || 19 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2003 || 67 || 46 || 21 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2004 || 53 || 33|| 20 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2005 ||87 || 40 || 47 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2006 || 70 || 39 || 31 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2007 || 39 || 25 || 14 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2008 || 93 || 42 || 51 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || Grand Total ||490 || 273 (56)|| 218 (44) | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | ===Table 9b: Penicillin susceptibility, age 0-20{{כ}}{{הערה|1=83% of isolates were erythromycin susceptible}}=== | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
+ | |||
+ | !Year||N||Susceptible||Intermediate||Resistant | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2001|| 19 || 12 (63) || 7 (37) || 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2002 || 28 ||26 (93) || 2 (7) || 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2003 || 46 || 40 (87) || 6 (13) || 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2004 || 33 || 18 (54) || 15 (45) || 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2005 || 40 || 29 (72) || 11 (28) || 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2006 || 39 || 30 (77) || 9 (23)|| 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2007 || 25 ||14 (56) || 11 (44) || 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2008|| 42 || 34 (81) || 8 (19) || 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||Grand Total||273||203 (74)||69 (26)||0 | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | ===Table 9c: Penicillin susceptibility, age >20{{כ}}{{הערה|1=92% of isolates were erythromycin susceptible, a significantly higher rate than in children (p<0.01).}}=== | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
+ | !Year||N||Susceptible||Intermediate||Resistant | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||2001 ||15 ||12 (80) || 3 (20) || 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2002|| 19 ||17 (89) || 2 (10)|| 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2003|| 21 ||19 (90) || 2 (10) || 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||2004 ||20 ||13 (65) || 7 (35) || 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2005|| 47 || 43 (91) || 4 (8) || 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||2006 ||31||28 (90) ||3 (10) || 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||2007 ||14 || 11 (79) || 3 (21) || 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||2008 ||51 ||42 (82) || 9 (18)|| 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Total | + | ||Grand Total||218||185 (85)||33 (15)||0 |
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{רווח קשיח}} | ||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | ===Table 9d: S. pneumoniae, macrolide susceptibility (%), blood culture specimens === | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | {|dir="ltr" border="1" cellpadding="4" | ||
+ | ! Year || Age 0-20 N (%) || Age >20 N (%) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2001 || 32 (81) || 25 (80) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2002 || 43 (88) || 29 (97) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2003 || 64 (81)|| 26 (92) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2004 || 33 (76) || 22 (95) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2005 ||40 (90) || 51 (96) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2006 || 59 (89) ||46 (96) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2007 || 53 (77)|| 42 (95) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || 2008 ||56 (82) || 59 (85) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || Total{{כ}}{{הערה|1=92% of isolates from adults were erythromycin susceptible, a significantly higher rate than in children (p<0.01).}} || 379 (84) || 300 (92) | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div class="mw-content-ltr"> | ||
+ | ==Table 10: Number of patient-specific positive blood cultures with β-hemolytic streptococci, by Lancefield grouping (2001-2008)== | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | {|border="1" cellpadding="4" dir="ltr" | ||
+ | !Total | ||
+ | !colspan="6"|Lancefield Group | ||
+ | |Year | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | || ||G || F ||D|| C|| B||A|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||149 (29)||1 (1)||0||16 (20)||0||69 (42)||63 (27)||≤20 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||363 (71)||81 (99)||1 (100)||66 (80)||13 (100) ||94 (58)||108 (63)||>20 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ||512||82||1|| 82 ||13 ||163 ||171 ||{{כ}}{{הערה|1=No significant changes in annual incidence of various streptococci were observed.}} Total | ||
|} | |} | ||
== הערות שוליים == | == הערות שוליים == | ||
− | + | <blockquote> | |
+ | <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr"> | ||
{{הערות שוליים}} | {{הערות שוליים}} | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </blockquote> | ||
==ביבליוגרפיה== | ==ביבליוגרפיה== | ||
שורה 221: | שורה 1,589: | ||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
− | + | ;לטבלה 2 | |
− | + | <blockquote> | |
− | + | <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr"> | |
− | + | #Friedmann R, Raveh D, Zartzer E, Rudensky B, Broide E, Attias D, Yinnon AM. Prospective evaluation of colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteriaceae among patients at hospital admission and of subsequent colonization with ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae among patients during hospitalization. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009;30(6):534-42. | |
− | + | #Raveh D, Yinnon AM, Broide E, Rudensky B. Susceptibilities of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae to ertapenem, [[t:Meropenem|Meropenem]] and piperacillin-tazobactam with and without clavulanic acid. Chemotherapy. 2007;53(3):185-9. | |
− | + | #Cohen MJ, Anshelevich O, Raveh D, Broide E, Rudensky B, Yinnon AM. Acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms among hospital patients hospitalized in beds adjacent to critically ill patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006;27(7):675-81. | |
+ | #Henshke-Bar-Meir R, Yinnon AM, Rudensky B, Attias D, Schlesinger Y, Raveh D. Assessment of the clinical significance of production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) by Enterobacteriaceae. Infection. 2006;34(2):66-74. | ||
+ | #Tallis E, Rudensky B, Attias D, Raveh D, Schlesinger Y, Yinnon AM. In-vitro activity of cefepime and other broad-spectrum antimicrobials against several groups of gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1999;35(2):121-6 | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </blockquote> | ||
גרסה אחרונה מ־20:27, 9 בדצמבר 2022
שימוש מושכל באנטיביוטיקה ונהלים למניעת זיהומים
מאת המרכז הרפואי שערי צדק: פרופ' עמוס ינון, פרופ' יחיאל שלזינגר, ד"ר דוד רווה
שם הספר: שימוש מושכל באנטיביוטיקה ונהלים למניעת זיהומים | |
---|---|
![]() | |
שם המחבר | פרופ' עמוס ינון, פרופ' יחיאל שלזינגר, דר' דוד רווה |
שם הפרק | טבלאות רגישויות מבית החולים שערי צדק - תרביות דם - Shaare zedek medical center antibiotic sensitivity table - blood cultures |
מוציא לאור | |
מועד הוצאה | תשע"א – 2010 |
מספר עמודים | 196 |
הקדשה | ספר זה מוקדש לפרופ' חיים הרשקו בהוקרה עמוקה |
טבלה 1. Number (%) of positive blood cultures/drawn cultures and rates of the most frequently isolated patient-specific isolated organisms/1000 admissions.
Variable/Year | 1990-2000[1] | 2001-2008[1] | ||
Annual Mean ± SD | 11year Total | Annual Mean ± SD | 8Year Total | |
Drawn blood cultures (BC) (n)[2] | 15,779 ± 4787 | 173,571 | 15,070 ± 1047 | 120,565 |
No. of true positive BC (n) | 1609 ± 524 | 17,703 | 1413 ± 125 | 11,308 |
Rate of true positive BC (%) | 10.2 ± 1.5 | 10.2 | 9.4 ± 1.1 | 9.4 |
No. of false positive BC (n) | NA[3] | NA | 1273 ± 132 | 10190 |
Rate of false positive BC (%) | NA | NA | 8.4±1.3 | 8.4 |
Rate/1000 admissions[4] | ||||
Enterobacteriaceae | 12.7±2 | 3394 | 13.2 | 4309 |
E. coli | 5.5±1 | 1494 | 6.4 | 2102 |
S. aureus | 4.7±0.9 | 1240 | 3.3 | 1238 |
K. pneumoniae | 3±0.8 | 779 | 3.3 | 1063 |
Enterococcus spp. | 2.3±0.7 | 631 | 2.9 | 939 |
P. aeruginosa | 1.9±0.5 | 488 | 1.5 | 505 |
S. pneumoniae | 1.7±0.4 | 447 | 2.1 | 681 |
Enterobacter spp. | 1.3±0.5 | 338 | 1.1 | 347 |
Acinetobacter spp. | 1±0.3 | 298 | 1.5 | 482 |
P. mirabilis | 1±0.2 | 260 | 1.4 | 449 |
טבלה 2: Enterobacteriaceae, producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) (n,%) 2002-2008[5]
טבלה 2א': Collected in the Emergency Department
Year | All Enterobacteriaceae N=2330 (%) | E.coli N=1336 (%)
K.pneumoniae N=341 (%) |
P.mirabilis N=228 (%) | |
2002 | 42/286 (15) | 16/151 (11) | 13/54 (24) | 5/21 (24) |
2003 | 35/322 (11) | 15/191 (8) | 15/47 (32) | 4/28 (14) |
2004 | 41/307 (13) | 17/165 (10) | 8/40 (20) | 9/33 (27) |
2005 | 42/354 (11) | 20/218 (9) | 9/49 (18) | 11/38 (29) |
2006 | 61/319 (19) | 28/198 (14) | 17/37 (46) | 7/32 (22) |
2007 | 84/348 (24) | 46/190 (24) | 10/44 (23) | 19/33 (58) |
2008 | 79/357 (22) | 40/208 (19) | 18/59 (30) | 10/37 (27) |
Total | 393/2330 (16) | 185/1336 (14) | 92/341 (27) | 67/228 (29) |
טבלה 2ב': Collected from hospitalized patients
Year | All Enterobacteriaceae N=1562 (%) | E.coli N=347 (%) | K.pneumoniae N=495 (%) | P.mirabilis N=143 (%) |
2002 | 54/147 (37) | 7/35 (20) | 34/53 (64) | 2/6 (33) |
2003 | 62/213 (29) | 10/46 (22) | 22/55 (40) | 13/26 (50) |
2004 | 64/183 (35) | 11/48 (23) | 28/51 (55) | 10/18 (56) |
2005 | 93/234 (40) | 22/58 (38) | 35/68 (51) | 17/30 (57) |
2006 | 97/267 (36) | 13/54 (24) | 54/86 (63) | 15/29 (52) |
2007 | 58/244 (24) | 12/44 (27) | 35/99 (35) | 7/14 (50) |
2008 | 75/243 (31) | 13/57 (23) | 29/77 (37) | 4/16 (25) |
Total | 512/1562 (33) | 88/347 (25) | 239/495 (48) | 70/143 (49) |
טבלה 3: Enterobacteriaceae – antimicrobial susceptibilities (%) 2001-2008. Breakdown by source of patient
- מקרא
- Amp - Ampicillin
- Amk - Amikacin
- Aug - Amoxycillin-clavulanate
- Carbap - Carbapenems
- Caz - Ceftazidime
- Cef - Cefazolin
- Chl - Chloramphenicol
- Cip - Ciprofloxacin
- Col - Colistin (polymyxin-B)
- Cpm - Cefepime
- Cro - Ceftriaxone
- Cxm - Cefuroxime
- Ert - Ertapenem (since 2005)
- Gen - Gentamicin
- Imp - Imipenem
- Mez - Mezlocillin (up to mid-2006)
- Meth - Methicillin; Sep - Cotrimoxazole
- Tob - Tobramycin
- Tzp - Piperacillin-Tazobactam
- Van - Vancomycin
Group | n | Penicillins | Carbap.[6] | Cephalosporins | Aminoglycoside | Other | |||||||||||
Aug | Mez | Tzp | Ert | Imp | Cef | Cxm | Cro | Caz | Cpm | Gen | Amk | Chl | Sep | Cip | Col | ||
≤48hr | 3447 | 66 | 49 | 91 | 99 | 99 | 61 | 75 | 83 | 85 | 85 | 83 | 97 | 79 | 62 | 73 | 86 |
>48hr | 1898 | 39 | 42 | 76 | 92 | 98 | 32 | 47 | 60 | 62 | 67 | 66 | 89 | 58 | 52 | 59 | 78 |
טבלה 4
Table 4a: Antimicrobial susceptibilities (%) of selected organisms (in Alphabetical order), isolated from blood cultures, 2001-2008
Organism | n | Amp | Amk | Aug | Caz | Cef | Chl | Cip | Col | Cpm | Cro | Cxm | Ert | Gen | Imp | Mez | Sep | Tzp |
Acinetobacter baumanii | 589 | 44 | 13 | 9 | 98 | 24 | 62 | 17 | 19 | |||||||||
Citrobacter species | 189 | 15 | 97 | 74 | 85 | 74 | 85 | 91 | 100 | 87 | 86 | 82 | 100 | 94 | 100 | 84 | 81 | 94 |
E. coli | 2753 | 34 | 98 | 68 | 86 | 64 | 86 | 74 | 100 | 86 | 84 | 79 | 100 | 83 | 100 | 37 | 61 | 93 |
Enterobacter species | 189 | 15 | 97 | 74 | 85 | 74 | 85 | 91 | 100 | 87 | 86 | 82 | 99 | 94 | 100 | 84 | 81 | 94 |
Enterococcus faecalis[7] | 410 | 95 | ||||||||||||||||
Klebsiella oxytoca | 119 | 98 | 87 | 93 | 86 | 92 | 94 | 99 | 93 | 91 | 90 | 94 | 100 | 81 | 89 | 94 | ||
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 1161 | 81 | 51 | 54 | 44 | 52 | 53 | 99 | 57 | 52 | 49 | 85 | 61 | 95 | 43 | 48 | 60 | |
Morganella morganii | 109 | 95 | 11 | 78 | 6 | 49 | 56 | 91 | 83 | 17 | 60 | 99 | 69 | 48 | 94 | |||
Proteus mirabilis | 569 | 25 | 98 | 66 | 73 | 44 | 42 | 48 | 67 | 66 | 61 | 99 | 63 | 99 | 41 | 37 | 98 | |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 691 | 93 | 91 | 71 | 100 | 92 | 83 | 89 | 76 | 91 | ||||||||
Salmonella[8] | 108 | 97 | 100 | 98 | 73 | 100 | ||||||||||||
Serratia marcescens | 164 | 98 | 85 | 78 | 89 | 86 | 88 | 4 | 100 | 88 | 99 | 88 | 73 | 93 | ||||
S. aureus [9] | 1646 | |||||||||||||||||
Steno-trophomonas | 156 | 79 | 89 | 82 | 86 | 78 | 88 | 90 | 90 | |||||||||
Streptococcus pneumoniae[10][./index.php%3Ftitle=טבלאות_רגישויות_מבית_החולים_שערי_צדק_-_תרביות_דם#cite_note-10 [10]] |
Table 4b: Source of selected organisms isolated from blood cultures: community acquired versus nosocomial, 2001-2008
Organism | Total (n) | Community (%) (≤48 hour in hospital) | Hospital (%) (>48 hours in hospital) | Other Health Care associated[11] (%) |
Acinetobacter baumanii | 589 | 11 | 78 | 11 |
Citrobacter spp. | 189 | 47 | 42 | 11 |
E. coli | 2762 | 72 | 19 | 9 |
Enterobacter cloacae | 448 | 20 | 65 | 15 |
Enterococcus faecalis | 392 | 35 | 53 | 12 |
Haemophilus influenzae | 696 | 37 | 53 | 10 |
Klebsiella oxytoca | 121 | 36 | 50 | 14 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 1381 | 36 | 54 | 10 |
Morganella morganii | 131 | 43 | 49 | 8 |
Proteus mirabilis | 569 | 56 | 36 | 8 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 678 | 32 | 57 | 11 |
Salmonella non typhi | 108 | 85 | 13 | 2 |
Serratia | 196 | 25 | 57 | 17 |
S. aureus | 1624 | 48 | 40 | 12 |
Stenotrophomonas | 156 | 35 | 48 | 17 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae | 902 | 93 | 2 | 5 |
טבלה 5
Table 5a: Change in antimicrobial susceptibility (%) of all isolates of E.coli (n=2102) isolated from blood cultures, 2000-2008
Year | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | mean | Trend analysis |
N | 240 | 232 | 255 | 227 | 282 | 286 | 305 | 275 | P % | |
Penicillins | ||||||||||
Augmentin | 69 | 69 | 69 | 64 | 65 | 75 | 64 | 67 | 68 | NS |
Mezlocillin | 36 | 37 | 38 | 36 | 35 | 49 | NA | NA | 37 | <0.05 |
Tazocin | 89 | 93 | 89 | 92 | 87 | 96 | 95 | 94 | 93 | <0.01 |
Cephalosporins | ||||||||||
Cefazolin | 47 | 56 | 64 | 70 | 78 | 75 | 69 | 76 | 63 | <0.001 |
Cefuroxime | 78 | 81 | 83 | 81 | 79 | 81 | 74 | 76 | 79 | NS |
Ceftriaxone | 83 | 90 | 89 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 76 | 79 | 84 | NS |
Ceftazidime | 87 | 89 | 89 | 85 | 83 | 84 | 76 | 79 | 86 | NS |
Cefepime | 93 | 89 | 88 | 87 | 85 | 86 | 78 | 81 | 85 | NS |
Carbapenems | ||||||||||
Ertapenem | NA | NA | NA | NA | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | NS |
Imipenem | 98 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | NS |
Aminoglycosides | ||||||||||
Gentamicin | 81 | 87 | 86 | 83 | 76 | 86 | 83 | 82 | 83 | 0.01 |
Amikacin | 99 | 99 | 97 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 97 | 98 | NS |
Other | ||||||||||
Chloramph | 83 | 87 | 87 | 90 | 88 | 88 | 86 | 88 | 86 | <0.01 |
Cotrimoxazole | 60 | 61 | 60 | 53 | 60 | 61 | 65 | 68 | 61 | NS |
Ciprofloxacin | 73 | 79 | 72 | 73 | 69 | 72 | 68 | 74 | 74 | NS |
Colistin | 99 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 100 | NS |
Table 5b: Change in antimicrobial susceptibility (%) of all isolates of K.pneumoniae (n=1058) isolated from blood cultures, 2000-2008
Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | mean | Trend analysis |
N | 114 | 139 | 113 | 103 | 126 | 128 | 192 | 143 | P % | |
Penicillins | ||||||||||
Augmentin | 39 | 55 | 64 | 57 | 57 | 41 | 44 | 59 | 51 | <0.001 |
Mezlocillin | 30 | 50 | 59 | 51 | 46 | NA | NA | NA | 43 | <0.001 |
Tazocin | 39 | 60 | 70 | 72 | 63 | 56 | 47 | 73 | 60 | <0.001 |
Cephalosporins | ||||||||||
Cefazolin | 36 | 50 | 61 | 54 | 50 | 34 | 40 | 41 | 44 | <0.001 |
Cefuroxime | 46 | 54 | 62 | 55 | 54 | 38 | 43 | 50 | 53 | <0.01 |
Ceftriaxone | 46 | 55 | 64 | 61 | 60 | 38 | 45 | 53 | 52 | <0.001 |
Ceftazidime | 46 | 55 | 66 | 61 | 60 | 39 | 45 | 53 | 53 | <0.001 |
Cefepime | 74 | 63 | 66 | 61 | 60 | 37 | 45 | 56 | 58 | <0.001 |
Carbapenems | ||||||||||
Ertapenem | NA | NA | NA | NA | 89 | 94 | 74 | 86 | 85 | |
Imi/Mero[12] | 99 | 97 | 96 | 100 | 100 | 95 | 86 | 87 | 95 | <0.001 |
Aminoglycosides | ||||||||||
Gentamicin | 42 | 57 | 75 | 61 | 62 | 44 | 75 | 81 | 61 | <0.001 |
Amikacin | 89 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 82 | 69 | 63 | 73 | 81 | <0.001 |
Other | ||||||||||
Chloramph | 41 | 52 | 69 | 61 | 58 | 38 | 40 | 65 | 52 | <0.001 |
Cotrimoxazole | 37 | 52 | 64 | 56 | 53 | 34 | 35 | 59 | 48 | <0.001 |
Ciprofloxacin | 41 | 54 | 68 | 64 | 57 | 41 | 40 | 56 | 53 | <0.001 |
Colistin | 100 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 96 | 98 | 99 | 99 | NS |
Table 6: Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae (CRKP)
Blood Isolates | Urine isolates | Sputum isolates | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | All isolates of K. pneumoniae | CRKP N (%) | All isolates of K. pneumoniae | CRKP N (%) | All isolates of K. pneumoniae | CRKP N (%) |
2001 | 103 | 1 (1) | 393 | 1 (0.2) | 60 | |
2002 | 128 | 4 (3) | 474 | 1 (0.2) | 2 | |
2003 | 105 | 4 (4) | 403 | 3 (0.7) | 22 | |
2004 | 105 | 0 | 406 | 2 (0.5) | 99 | |
2005 | 110 | 0 | 379 | 3 (0.8) | 98 | 1 (1) |
2006 | 116 | 5 (4) | 353 | 26 (7.4) | 97 | 4 (4.1) |
2007 | 129 | 22 (17) | 314 | 46 (14.6) | 89 | 26 (29.2) |
2008 | 136 | 17 (12) | 487 | 31 (6.4) | 104 | 18 (17.3) |
Total | 932 | 53 (5.7) | 3209 | 113 (3.5) | 571 | 49 (8.6) |
Table 7: Antimicrobial susceptibility (%) of all isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=691) isolated from blood cultures, 2001-2008
≤48 hrs in hospital | >48 hours in hospital | |
214 | 394 | |
Penicillins | ||
Mezlocillin[13] | 83 | 69 |
Tazocin | 94 | 87 |
Cephalosporins | ||
Ceftazidime | 95 | 88 |
Cefepime[14] | 92 | 91 |
Carbapenems | ||
Imipenem | 97 | 82 |
Meropenem[15] | 91 | 93 |
Aminoglycosides | ||
Gentamicin | 80 | 78 |
Amikacin | 95 | 90 |
Other | ||
Ciprofloxacin | 76 | 65 |
Colistin | 100 | 99 |
Table 8: Methicillin susceptibility (%) of Staphylococcus aureus, bacteremia, 2001-2008
Table 8a: S. aureus, % methicillin susceptible bacteremia, by department[16]
Department | S. aureus Total (n) | MSSA/Total n (%) |
---|---|---|
Pediatrics | 243 | 213 (88) |
Emergency Department | 526 | 322 (61) |
Surgery Total | 203 | 127 (63) |
Chest surgery | 87 | 56 (64) |
Orthopedics | 22 | 14 (64) |
General surgery | 56 | 27 (48) |
Medicine Total | 583 | 282 (48) |
Oncology | 66 | 52 (79) |
Geriatrics | 125 | 40 (32) |
Medicine A + B | 232 | 88 (38) |
ICU | 65 | 21 (32) |
<48 hours in hospital | 795 | 542 (68) |
>48 hours in hospital | 666 | 321 (48) |
Overall | 1646 | 977 (59) |
Group | n | Oxa | Rif | Cip | Clin | Chlor | Sept | Vanc | Fus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSSA | 959 | 100 | 100 | 94 | 96 | 92 | 97 | 100 | 95 |
MRSA | 646 | 0 | 85 | 9 | 33 | 52 | 88 | 100 | 93 |
Table 9: Blood isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Table 9a: age distribution
Year | All isolates n | Age 0-20 | Age >20 |
---|---|---|---|
2001 | 34 | 19 | 15 |
2002 | 47 | 28 | 19 |
2003 | 67 | 46 | 21 |
2004 | 53 | 33 | 20 |
2005 | 87 | 40 | 47 |
2006 | 70 | 39 | 31 |
2007 | 39 | 25 | 14 |
2008 | 93 | 42 | 51 |
Grand Total | 490 | 273 (56) | 218 (44) |
Table 9b: Penicillin susceptibility, age 0-20[19]
Year | N | Susceptible | Intermediate | Resistant |
---|---|---|---|---|
2001 | 19 | 12 (63) | 7 (37) | 0 |
2002 | 28 | 26 (93) | 2 (7) | 0 |
2003 | 46 | 40 (87) | 6 (13) | 0 |
2004 | 33 | 18 (54) | 15 (45) | 0 |
2005 | 40 | 29 (72) | 11 (28) | 0 |
2006 | 39 | 30 (77) | 9 (23) | 0 |
2007 | 25 | 14 (56) | 11 (44) | 0 |
2008 | 42 | 34 (81) | 8 (19) | 0 |
Grand Total | 273 | 203 (74) | 69 (26) | 0 |
Table 9c: Penicillin susceptibility, age >20[20]
Year | N | Susceptible | Intermediate | Resistant |
---|---|---|---|---|
2001 | 15 | 12 (80) | 3 (20) | 0 |
2002 | 19 | 17 (89) | 2 (10) | 0 |
2003 | 21 | 19 (90) | 2 (10) | 0 |
2004 | 20 | 13 (65) | 7 (35) | 0 |
2005 | 47 | 43 (91) | 4 (8) | 0 |
2006 | 31 | 28 (90) | 3 (10) | 0 |
2007 | 14 | 11 (79) | 3 (21) | 0 |
2008 | 51 | 42 (82) | 9 (18) | 0 |
Grand Total | 218 | 185 (85) | 33 (15) | 0 |
Table 9d: S. pneumoniae, macrolide susceptibility (%), blood culture specimens
Year | Age 0-20 N (%) | Age >20 N (%) |
---|---|---|
2001 | 32 (81) | 25 (80) |
2002 | 43 (88) | 29 (97) |
2003 | 64 (81) | 26 (92) |
2004 | 33 (76) | 22 (95) |
2005 | 40 (90) | 51 (96) |
2006 | 59 (89) | 46 (96) |
2007 | 53 (77) | 42 (95) |
2008 | 56 (82) | 59 (85) |
Total[21] | 379 (84) | 300 (92) |
Table 10: Number of patient-specific positive blood cultures with β-hemolytic streptococci, by Lancefield grouping (2001-2008)
Total | Lancefield Group | Year | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G | F | D | C | B | A | ||
149 (29) | 1 (1) | 0 | 16 (20) | 0 | 69 (42) | 63 (27) | ≤20 |
363 (71) | 81 (99) | 1 (100) | 66 (80) | 13 (100) | 94 (58) | 108 (63) | >20 |
512 | 82 | 1 | 82 | 13 | 163 | 171 | [22] Total |
הערות שוליים
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Data for 1990-2000 were manually computerized by volunteers from microbiology records; data for 2001-2008 were obtained with the cubes computer program.
- ↑ BC, blood cultures
- ↑ NA, not available
- ↑ Trend statistical analysis demonstrated an absence of significant changes in annual incidence of any of these organisms for 1990-2000.
- ↑ * Routine testing for ESBL was initiated in 2002
- ↑ Susceptibilities of Imipenem (Imp) and Meropenem (Mer) are not identical, but similar. Since 2006, the microbiology laboratory determines susceptibility to both Imipenem and meropenem
- ↑ All isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were susceptible to vancomycin. Of 91 isolates of Enterococcus faecium 47% were Vancomycin susceptible.
- ↑ Salmonella: includes Salmonella arizonae, group B, group C, group D, group E, and Salmonella species. Not included are S. typhi (n=3 ) and S. paratyphi (n=1).
- ↑ S. aureus: 59% methicillin susceptible (=MSSA). Rate varies from Pediatric isolates (90%); through ED isolates (61%) and Medical Departments' isolates (48%) to ICU isolates (32%). 100% of isolates were Vancomycin-susceptible. See separate tables for results of S. aureus.
- ↑ S. pneumoniae (n=490): Below, respectively, age 20 years (n=273) and above 20 years (n=218): Penicillin susceptible (defined as MIC < 0.1 μgm/ml) respectively 74% and 85%; Intermediate resistance (MIC = 0.1-2) 26% and 15 respectively; Resistant (MIC > 2) 0% and 0% respectively. See separate tables for detailed results of S. pneumoniae.
- ↑ Includes: adult and pediatric dialysis units, hematological and pediatric day care centers, personnel, other
- ↑ Imipenem until 2006, Meropenem since 2006
- ↑ continues to be tested
- ↑ tested until 2006
- ↑ tested since 2006
- ↑ significant change in % methicillin susceptibility was noted over the study period
- ↑ Oxa-Oxacillin (=similar to methicillin), Rif-Rifampicin, Cip-Ciprofloxacin, Clin-Clindamycin, Chlor-Chloramphenicol, Sept-Cotrimoxazole (=trimethorpim-sulfamethoxazole), Vanc-Vancomycin, Fus-Fusidic acid
- ↑ Linezolid and daptomycin are available in SZMC; however, systematic susceptibility testing of all strains is not yet performed.
- ↑ 83% of isolates were erythromycin susceptible
- ↑ 92% of isolates were erythromycin susceptible, a significantly higher rate than in children (p<0.01).
- ↑ 92% of isolates from adults were erythromycin susceptible, a significantly higher rate than in children (p<0.01).
- ↑ No significant changes in annual incidence of various streptococci were observed.
ביבליוגרפיה
- לטבלה 1
- Yinnon AM, Schlesinger Y, Gabbay D, Rudensky B. Analysis of 5 years of bacteraemias: importance of stratification of microbial susceptibilities by source of patients. J Infect 1007 Jul; 35(1):17-23.
- Raveh D, Rudensky B, Schlesinger Y, Benenson S, Yinnon AM. Susceptibility trends in bacteraemias: Analysis of 7544 patient-unique bacteraemic episodes spanning 11 years (1990-2000). J Hosp Infect 2003.
- לטבלה 2
- Friedmann R, Raveh D, Zartzer E, Rudensky B, Broide E, Attias D, Yinnon AM. Prospective evaluation of colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteriaceae among patients at hospital admission and of subsequent colonization with ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae among patients during hospitalization. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009;30(6):534-42.
- Raveh D, Yinnon AM, Broide E, Rudensky B. Susceptibilities of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae to ertapenem, Meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam with and without clavulanic acid. Chemotherapy. 2007;53(3):185-9.
- Cohen MJ, Anshelevich O, Raveh D, Broide E, Rudensky B, Yinnon AM. Acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms among hospital patients hospitalized in beds adjacent to critically ill patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006;27(7):675-81.
- Henshke-Bar-Meir R, Yinnon AM, Rudensky B, Attias D, Schlesinger Y, Raveh D. Assessment of the clinical significance of production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) by Enterobacteriaceae. Infection. 2006;34(2):66-74.
- Tallis E, Rudensky B, Attias D, Raveh D, Schlesinger Y, Yinnon AM. In-vitro activity of cefepime and other broad-spectrum antimicrobials against several groups of gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1999;35(2):121-6